CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

The constitution is a set of fundamental principle, according to which state or other organisation is governed. The cabinet mission plan (16th may, 1946), proposed a constituent Assembly to frame the constitution for India. The idea to have constituent Assembly for India, for the first time given by MN Roy. The constitution Declares India to sovereign, socialist,secular,democratic and republic for assuring its citizens of justice,equality and liberty and endeavours to promote fraternity among them. The constituent Assembly, held its first meeting on 9th, December,1946, and reassembled on 14th August,1947,as the sovereing constituent Assembly for the domination of India. Dr. Sachidnand Shinha was the provisional president of the constituent Assembly when it met on 9th December, 1946, while later Dr. Rajandra Prasad and HC Mukherjee were elected the permanent president of the Assembly respectively.It took 2 years 11 months and 18 days to finalise the constitution of India.

PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION

The preamble means introduction or preface of the constitution or essence of the constitution. NA Palkhivala, an eminent jurist and constitutional expert, called the preamble as the Identity card of the constitution. The preamble to the constitution is based on the Objectives Resolution drafted and moved by pandit Nehru and adopted by the constitution Assembly
The Government of India Act,1935, formed the basis or 'blue print' of the constitution of India. Federal scheme, office of Governor, Judiciary,PSC.The constitution of following cuntiries are the source of Indian Constitution.
Borrowed Features of The Indian Constitution
Countries Borrowed Features




From U.K
• Nominal Head- President(like Queen).
• Cabinet System of minister.
• Post of PM.
• Parliamentary type of Goverment.
• Bicameral Parliament.
• Lower House more powerful.
• Council of ministers responsible to Lower house.
• Speaker in the Lok Sabha.
• Single citizenship.




From U.S
• Written constitution.
• Executive head of state known as president and his being the supreme commander of the Armed Forces.
• Vice - President as the ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha.
• Fundamental Rights.
• Supreme Court
• Provision of State.
• Independence of Judiciary and judicial review.
• Preamble.
• Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges.
From USSR • Fundamental Duties.
• Five Year plan.
From Australia • Concurrent list.
• Language of the preamble.
• Provision regarding trade,commerce and intercourse.
From Japan • Law on which the Supreme Court function.
From Germany • Suspension of Fundamental Right during the emergency.
Fro South Africa • Procedure of Constitutional Amendment.
• Election to the Rajya Sabha. Sabha members.
From Canada • Scheme of federation with a strong center.
• Distribution of powers between center
• Distribution of powers between center and the states and placing.Rediduary powers with center.
From Ireland • Concept of directive Principles of State Policy(ireland borrowed it from Spain).
• Method of electin of the President.
• Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by president.
From France • Republic and the ideals of liberty.
• Equality and fraternity in the preamble.



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